Below are the Common Types of Plagiarism:
Direct
Plagiarism
Direct plagiarism is the word-for-word transcription of a section of
someone else’s work, without attribution and without quotation marks. The
deliberate plagiarism of someone else's work is unethical, academically
dishonest, and grounds for disciplinary actions, including expulsion.
Self-Plagiarism
Self-plagiarism occurs when a student submits his or her own previous
work, or mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors
involved. For example, it would be unacceptable to incorporate part of a term
paper you wrote in high school into a paper assigned in a college course.
Self-plagiarism also applies to submitting the same piece of work for
assignments in different classes without previous permission from both
professors.
Mosaic
Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source
without using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language
while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the original.
Sometimes called “patch writing,” this kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional
or not, is academically dishonest and punishable – even if you footnote your
source!
Accidental
Plagiarism
Accidental plagiarism occurs when a person neglects to cite their
sources, or misquotes their sources, or unintentionally paraphrases a source by
using similar words, groups of words, and/or sentence structure without
attribution. (See example for mosaic plagiarism.) Students must learn how to
cite their sources and to take careful and accurate notes when doing research.
(See the Note-Taking section on the Avoiding Plagiarism page.) Lack of intent
does not absolve the student of responsibility for plagiarism. Cases of
accidental plagiarism are taken as seriously as any other plagiarism and are
subject to the same range of consequences as other types of plagiarism.
I have searched some tips on how to prevent Plagiarism.
·
Paraphrase - So you have
found information that is perfect for your research paper. Read it and put it
into your own words. Make sure that you do not copy verbatim more than two
words in a row from the text you have found. If you do use more than two words
together, you will have to use quotation marks. We will get into quoting
properly soon.
·
Cite - Citing is one
of the effective ways to avoid plagiarism. Follow the document formatting
guidelines (i.e. APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) used by your educational institution
or the institution that issued the research request. This usually entails the
addition of the author(s) and the date of the publication or similar
information. Citing is really that simple. Not citing properly can constitute
plagiarism.
·
Quoting - When quoting
a source, use the quote exactly the way it appears. No one wants to be
misquoted. Most institutions of higher learning frown on “block quotes” or
quotes of 40 words or more. A scholar should be able to effectively paraphrase
most material. This process takes time, but the effort pays off! Quoting must
be done correctly to avoid plagiarism allegations.
·
Citing Quotes - Citing a
quote can be different than citing paraphrased material. This practice usually
involves the addition of a page number, or a paragraph number in the case of
web content.
·
Citing Your Own
Material - If some of the material you are using for your research paper was
used by you in your current class, a previous one, or anywhere else you must
cite yourself. Treat the text the same as you would if someone else wrote it.
It may sound odd, but using material you have used before is called
self-plagiarism, and it is not acceptable.
It’s better if we use our own knowledge in making something rather
than stealing other’s work. Let’s say NO to Plagiarism!
https://www.bowdoin.edu/studentaffairs/academic-honesty/common-types.shtml
